Artificial Intelligence in African Economic Development Potential and Challenges to Overcome

Abstract

This report delves deeply into the issues related to artificial intelligence (AI), with a focus on its potential for socio-economic transformation in Africa. After tracing the origins and various typologies of AI, in-depth analyses are conducted on its impact on employment globally and the disparities between developed and emerging countries. Special attention is given to key sectors such as healthcare, automotive, and finance, which are particularly vulnerable to AI disruptions. The dossier then examines the prospects for the evolution of AI, discussing the technical and scientific challenges to achieving true general artificial intelligence. It also addresses the promising but controversial emergence of organoid artificial intelligence, cultivating biological neural networks and raising thorny philosophical and ethical questions. The section devoted to Africa provides an overview of the continental AI landscape, highlighting its immense economic potential estimated at nearly $1.5 trillion in GDP contribution by 2030. However, challenges in terms of infrastructure, skills, and regulation are analyzed, calling for massive and coordinated investments to develop a competitive AI ecosystem. Concrete case studies illustrate innovative applications of AI in various strategic sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, education, or financial services. Finally, recommendations are made for Africa to become a major player in sovereign, ethical, and responsible AI, as a driver of sustainable development