Progress and prospects on the implementation of agenda 2063 and agenda 2030 for sustainable development in Africa

Abstract

Africa faces both progress and challenges in implementing Agenda 2063 and the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While renewable energy adoption (SDG 7) exceeds global averages, critical gaps remain in water and sanitation (SDG 6), where 411 million lack safe drinking water and open defecation rates have risen. Infrastructure (SDG 9) shows strong mobile network coverage but lags in manufacturing and industrialization. Urban sustainability (SDG 11) remains a concern, with only 31% of cities having adequate public spaces and rising climate-related disasters. Debt distress affects 38 African nations, straining domestic financing (SDG 17). Key recommendations include enhancing water management, scaling clean energy investments, boosting industrial transformation, improving urban resilience, and strengthening domestic revenue mobilization. Accelerating progress requires integrated policies, better data systems, and stronger partnerships to achieve inclusive, sustainable development.