Economic Report on Africa 2025: Advancing the Implementation of the Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area: Proposing Transformative Strategic Actions

Abstract

Africa stands at a critical juncture in its development, with immense potential driven by a youthful population, rich natural resources, and expanding consumer markets. However, while economic growth has rebounded post-pandemic, it remains below pre-pandemic levels, limiting progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), launched in 2021, presents a transformative opportunity to accelerate trade-led integration and drive inclusive, sustainable development. The Economic Report on Africa 2025 (ERA 2025) examines AfCFTA’s implementation, highlighting achievements, challenges, and its potential to reshape Africa’s economic landscape. The report underscores AfCFTA’s role in addressing key challenges such as energy access, food security, industrialization, and digital trade. By fostering intra-African trade, the agreement can reduce commodity dependence, boost manufacturing, and strengthen Africa’s position in global value chains. Additionally, AfCFTA enhances Africa’s resilience amid global economic fragmentation by deepening regional integration and strengthening trade ties with emerging markets. To fully realize AfCFTA’s potential, Africa must undertake strategic investments, implement well-coordinated policies, and pursue structural reforms. If effectively executed, AfCFTA could significantly enhance trade, drive economic diversification, and position Africa as a global growth hub, contributing to the vision of Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want.