The development of mineral resources in Africa and protection of the physical environment

Abstract

The impact of the mining industry on the physical environment varies widely for each stage of the industry, including exploration. To make tailings clear, the possible impact of each phase of the industry on the physical environment is considered. What is more, three case studies on Namibia, Ghana and Morocco have been conducted to illustrate the national effort and initiatives of the countries in terms of protecting the physical environment both during mineral resources exploration and development.