Manual on human settlements planning and management in disaster-prone areas
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1994-11Author(s)/Corporate Author (s)
United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa;United Nations Industry and Human Settlements Division;
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In African human settlements, the major naturally occurring phenomena, which increase hazard vulnerability and ultimately lead to disasters, are closely related to the low levels of development, rapid growth and spread of the population over hazardous areas. In many cities of Africa, 40 to 85 per cent of inhabitants are living in slums and squatter settlements which are growing at about 8 per cent annually. As the number and size of these settlements increase, the degree of vulnerability rises. Poor sanitation, insufficient water supply, overcrowding, poverty and unemployment further weaken urban resistance to natural hazards. In some of the squatter areas in African cities densities are as high as 2000 or 3000 persons per hectare. Even the average densities for urban areas as a whole are high enough to warrant concern in areas exposed to earthquakes, floods, or landslides. The older sections of large cities such as Cairo, Tunis, Casablanca and Marrakech with net residential densities of over 1000 persons per hectare are not uncommon.
Citation
“United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa; United Nations Industry and Human Settlements Division (1994-11). Manual on human settlements planning and management in disaster-prone areas. Addis Ababa :. © UN. ECA,. https://hdl.handle.net/10855/4906”Collections
- Social Development [6585]
- Urbanization [572]
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